Definify.com
Definition 2024
-ir
-ir
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ir"
French
Suffix
-ir
- A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.
Usage notes
- Most verbs with infinitives in -ir are marked by the once-inchoative infix -iss- in many parts of their conjugation, as well as in various derived words; two such verbs are choisir (“to choose”) and pourrir (“to rot”). A fair number of these have English counterparts in -ish; three such are finir (“to finish”), nourrir (“to feed, to nourish”), and polir (“to polish”).
- A sizable group of verbs have infinitives in -ir but do not use the infix -iss-, and are otherwise fairly regular; these include, among others, the common verbs sortir (“to go out, to take out”), partir (“to leave”), dormir (“to sleep”).
- This suffix is spelled -ïr on a few verbs where the previous syllable ends in a vowel, such as haïr (“to hate”) and ouïr (“to hear”). Additionally, it is spelled -ire on the verb maudire (“to curse”), by analogy with the related but irregular verb dire (“to say”).
- Not all verbs whose infinitives happen to end in these letters can truly be said to have this suffix; in particular, a fair number of irregular verbs have infinitives in the unrelated suffix -oir.
See also
Ido
Etymology
Suffix
-ir
- Used to denote the past infinitive of a verb.
- Me devas telefonir tu.
- I should have called you.
- Me devas telefonir tu.
Related terms
Old French
Etymology
From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs.
Suffix
-ir
- suffix used to form infinitives of second conjugation verbs
See also
- Appendix:Old French verbs
- -er
Portuguese
Etymology
From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs.
Suffix
-ir (first-person singular present indicative -o, past participle -ido)
- A verb ending for infinitives.
Conjugation
Conjugation of the Portuguese -ir verb -ir
| Notes:[edit] | ||||||
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) |
|
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | -ir | |||||
| Personal | -ir | -ires | -ir | -irmos | -irdes | -irem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| -indo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | -ido | -idos | ||||
| Feminine | -ida | -idas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | -o | -es | -e | -imos | -is | -em |
| Imperfect | -ia | -ias | -ia | -íamos | -íeis | -iam |
| Preterite | -i | -iste | -iu | -imos | -istes | -iram |
| Pluperfect | -ira | -iras | -ira | -íramos | -íreis | -iram |
| Future | -irei | -irás | -irá | -iremos | -ireis | -irão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| -iria | -irias | -iria | -iríamos | -iríeis | -iriam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | -a | -as | -a | -amos | -ais | -am |
| Imperfect | -isse | -isses | -isse | -íssemos | -ísseis | -issem |
| Future | -ir | -ires | -ir | -irmos | -irdes | -irem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | - | -e | -a | -amos | -i | -am |
| Negative (não) | - | -as | -a | -amos | -ais | -am |
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs.
Suffix
-ir (first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -í, past participle -ido)
- A verb ending for infinitives.
See also
- -ar
- -er
Conjugation
| infinitive | -ir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | -iendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | -ido | -ida | |||||
| plural | -idos | -idas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes |
|
| present | -o | -estú -ísvos |
-e | -imos | -ís | -en | |
| imperfect | -ía | -ías | -ía | -íamos | -íais | -ían | |
| preterite | -í | -iste | -ió | -imos | -isteis | -ieron | |
| future | -iré | -irás | -irá | -iremos | -iréis | -irán | |
| conditional | -iría | -irías | -iría | -iríamos | -iríais | -irían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes |
|
| present | -a | -astú -ásvos1 |
-a | -amos | -áis | -an | |
| imperfect (ra) |
-iera | -ieras | -iera | -iéramos | -ierais | -ieran | |
| imperfect (se) |
-iese | -ieses | -iese | -iésemos | -ieseis | -iesen | |
| future | -iere | -ieres | -iere | -iéremos | -iereis | -ieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | -etú -ívos |
-a | -amos | -id | -an | ||
| negative | no -as | no -a | no -amos | no -áis | no -an | ||
1Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.