Definify.com
Definition 2025
沒
沒
See also: 没
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
沒 (radical 85 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水弓水 (ENE), four-corner 37147, composition ⿰氵𠬛)
Descendants
References
- KangXi: page 611, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17204
- Dae Jaweon: page 1004, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1571, character 2
- Unihan data for U+6C92
Chinese
| trad. | 沒 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 没 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 沒
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (没) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 沒 | *mɯːd |
| 殁 | *mɯːd |
| 莈 | *mɯːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mɯːd) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 𠬛 – drown in water.
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mut6
- Jin (Wiktionary): meh4
- Min Nan (POJ): bu̍t
- Wu (Wiktionary): meq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ
- Wade-Giles: mei2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mei
- IPA (key): /meɪ̯³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: mut6
- Yale: muht
- Cantonese Pinyin: mut9
- IPA (key): /muːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jin
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bu̍t
- Tâi-lô: bu̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: but
- IPA (Xiamen): /but̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /but̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /but̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /but̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /but̚⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: meq (T5)
- IPA (key): /məʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 沒 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /mei³⁵/ |
| Harbin |
/mei²⁴/ ~人 /mei⁵³/ ~來 |
|
| Tianjin |
/mei⁴⁵/ ~了 /mei⁵³/ ~走 |
|
| Jinan |
/mei²¹³/ ~價 /mei⁴²/ ~的 |
|
| Qingdao | /mu⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou |
/mu⁴²/ 沉~ /mei²⁴/ ~法兒 |
|
| Xi'an | /mo²¹/ | |
| Xining | /mɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan |
/mu¹³/ ~有 /muə¹³/ 淹~ |
|
| Lanzhou | /mə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /mɤ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /mei²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu |
/mo³¹/ /mei¹³/ |
|
| Guiyang |
/mei⁵⁵/ ~有 /mu²¹/ ~收 |
|
| Kunming | /mu²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing |
/moʔ⁵/ 沉~ /me²⁴/ ~有 |
|
| Hefei | /məʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /məʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /mʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /məʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /məʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /məʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /məʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /mø²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian |
/mɔ²²/ 沉~ /miu³⁵/ (沒有) |
| Tunxi | /mɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /mo²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /mæ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /mɨʔ⁵/ 埋~ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /mut̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /mut̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mut̚²/ |
| Nanning | /mut̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /mut̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /but̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /muʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) |
/mau²¹/ /mo⁴²/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /mok̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /muak̚⁵/ |
Definitions
沒
- not have; there is not; to be without
- be not so ... as (when comparing)
- less than, no more than
- Negative prefix for verb 有 (yǒu, “to have”).
- have not or did not (negative prefix for verbs, translated into other languages with verbs in the past tense)
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 沒有 (“to not have (+ noun)”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 無 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 沒有 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 沒有、沒 |
| Taiwan | 沒有、沒 | |
| Jinan | 沒有、沒 | |
| Xi'an | 沒有 | |
| Wuhan | 冇得 | |
| Chengdu | 沒得 | |
| Yangzhou | 不得、沒得 | |
| Hefei | 沒 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 冇、冇有 |
| Hong Kong | 冇 | |
| Taishan | 冇 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 冒有 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 無 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 無 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 無 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 無 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 無 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 無 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 無 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 沒、沒啦 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 無 |
| Min Nan | Quanzhou | 無 |
| Xiamen | 無 | |
| Zhangzhou | 無 | |
| Taipei | 無 | |
| Kaohsiung | 無 | |
| Tainan | 無 | |
| Taichung | 無 | |
| Yilan | 無 | |
| Lukang | 無 | |
| Sanxia | 無 | |
| Kinmen | 無 | |
| Magong | 無 | |
| Hsinchu | 無 | |
| Malaysia | 無 | |
| Singapore | 無 | |
| Philippine | 無 | |
| Chaozhou | 無 | |
| Shantou | 無 | |
| Thailand | 無 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 嘸沒 |
| Suzhou | 嘸不 | |
| Wenzhou | 冇 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 冇得、冇 |
| Shuangfeng | 冇得 | |
See also
Compounds
Derived terms from 沒
|
|
|
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mut6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mu̍t
- Min Nan (POJ): bu̍t / boa̍t
- Wu (Wiktionary): meq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
- Wade-Giles: mo4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
- IPA (key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: mut6
- Yale: muht
- Cantonese Pinyin: mut9
- IPA (key): /muːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mu̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: mud
- Hagfa Pinyim: mud6
- IPA: /mut̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bu̍t
- Tâi-lô: bu̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: but
- IPA (Xiamen): /but̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /but̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /but̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /but̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /but̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boa̍t
- Tâi-lô: bua̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: boat
- IPA (Quanzhou): /buat̚²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /buat̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /buat̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: meq (T5)
- IPA (key): /məʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 沒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 沒 (56) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫勃切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/muət̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/muot̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/muət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/mwət̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/muət̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/muət̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/muət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
mù |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 沒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
mò |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ mwot › |
| Old Chinese |
/*mˤut/ |
| English | to dive, drown, die |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 沒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9235 |
| Phonetic component |
没 |
| Rime group |
物 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
没 |
| Old Chinese |
/*mɯːd/ |
Definitions
沒
Compounds
Derived terms from 沒
Japanese
Kanji
沒
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 没)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
Korean
Hanja
沒 • (mol) (hangeul 몰, McCune-Reischauer mol, Yale mol)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
沒 (một)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.



