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Definition 2025

干

干

See also: 乾, 幹, 于, 午, 千, 半, and 榦

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

干 (radical 51 干+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一十 (MJ), four-corner 10400)

  1. Kangxi radical #51, ⼲ ‎(“dry”).

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 339, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9165
  • Dae Jaweon: page 645, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 405, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5E72

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 干
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訐 *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝 *kaːn
竿 *kaːn
干 *kaːn
奸 *kaːn
玕 *kaːn
汗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀 *kaːn
忓 *kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱 *kaːn
邗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆 *kaːnʔ
矸 *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠 *kaːnʔ
皯 *kaːnʔ
衦 *kaːnʔ
簳 *kaːnʔ
擀 *kaːnʔ
旰 *kaːns
盰 *kaːns
幹 *kaːns
杆 *kaːns
骭 *kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿 *kaːnʔ
趕 *kaːnʔ
稈 *kaːnʔ
刊 *kʰaːn
靬 *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎 *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̥ʰraːn
頇 *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸 *ŋɡaːns
鼾 *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕 *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊 *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊 *qʰaːnʔ
虷 *ɡaːn
旱 *ɡaːnʔ
皔 *ɡaːnʔ
釬 *ɡaːns
扞 *ɡaːns
閈 *ɡaːns
馯 *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍 *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍 *ɡaːns
銲 *ɡaːns
垾 *ɡaːns
駻 *ɡaːns
睅 *ɡʷranʔ
娨 *ɡraːns
飦 *kan
赶 *ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒 *qʰan
蓒 *qʰan
酐 *qʰaːŋʔ
澣 *ɡʷaːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a pestle.

Also borrowed phonetically as a simplification of 乾 and 幹.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 乾 (“dry”).
(This character, 干, is the simplified form of 乾.)
Notes:

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 幹 (“to do, to work”).
(This character, 干, is the simplified form of 幹.)
Notes:

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
 干

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 扞 (OC *ɡaːns, “to shield; to protect”), 閈 (OC *ɡaːns, “gate”). Compare Tibetan འགལ་བ ‎('gal ba, “to go against, to violate, to contradict”), Burmese ကာ ‎(ka, “shield; to shield; to block”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 干
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古寒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kan/
Li
Rong		 /kɑn/
Wang
Li		 /kɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gān
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 干 干 干 干
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gān gān gān gān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kan › ‹ kan › ‹ kan › ‹ kan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˤar/ /*kˤa[r]/ /*kˤar/ /*kˤar/
English pole shield (n.) piece, item (placename)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 干
Reading # 1/1
No. 3570
Phonetic
component		 干
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 干
Old
Chinese		 /*kaːn/

Definitions

干

  1. † a shield
  2. † to request, to ask
  3. † to offend, to encroach on
  4. † to interfere, to intervene
  5. to concern; to be implicated in; implication
  6. †bank; edge of water bodies
    • 江干

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

干

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to dry
  2. to interfere
  3. violence

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

干 • ‎(gan, gang) (hangeul 간, 강, revised gan, gang, McCune-Reischauer kan, kang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

干 (can, cơn, càn, cán)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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