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Definition 2024

精

精

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

精 (radical 119 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 95927, composition ⿰米青)

References

  • KangXi: page 910, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3150, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7CBE

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 精

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猜 *sʰlɯː
輤 *sʰleːns
綪 *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩 *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈 *sʰleːns
蒨 *sʰeːns
篟 *sʰeːns
生 *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲 *sreŋ
笙 *sreŋ
甥 *sreŋ
鉎 *sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄 *sreŋ
鼪 *sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩 *sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌 *sreŋ
眚 *sreŋʔ
貹 *sreŋs
崝 *zreːŋ
精 *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁 *ʔsleŋ
鶄 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱 *ʔsleŋ
婧 *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐 *ʔsleŋ
聙 *ʔsleŋ
旌 *ʔsleŋ
清 *sʰleŋ
圊 *sʰleŋ
請 *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊 *sʰleŋs
䝼 *zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚 *zleŋs
情 *zleŋ
晴 *zleŋ
夝 *zleŋ
靜 *zleŋʔ
靖 *zleŋʔ
睲 *seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺 *seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性 *sleŋs
姓 *sleŋs
靗 *l̥ʰeŋs
鯖 *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青 *sʰleːŋ
靘 *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅 *sʰleːŋs
胜 *sleːŋ
曐 *sleːŋ
星 *sleːŋ
鮏 *sleːŋ
腥 *seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹 *seːŋ
醒 *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂 *seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs) : semantic 米 ‎(“rice”) + phonetic 青 ‎(OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 精 精
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 子盈切 子姓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡siᴇŋ/ /t͡siᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡siɛŋ/ /t͡siɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡siæŋ/ /t͡siæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡siajŋ/ /t͡siajŋH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡siɛŋ/ /t͡siɛŋH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sĭɛŋ/ /t͡sĭɛŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡si̯ɛŋ/ /t͡si̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jīng jìng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 精
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jīng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsjeng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tseŋ/
English fine rice; pure

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 精 精
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11327 11337
Phonetic
component		 生 生
Rime
group		 耕 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 精 精
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsleŋ/ /*ʔsleŋs/

Definitions

精

  1. polished rice
  2. essence; energy
  3. spirit; energy; vigour
  4. seminal fluid; semen
  5. spirit; soul
  6. essence; concentrate
  7. demon; goblin
  8. lean meat
  9. fine; refined
  10. pure; unmixed
  11. concentrated; sincere
  12. clear; bright
  13. exquisite; profound
  14. extremely; very
  15. to be proficient; to be expert at
  16. to expose; to be bare

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

精

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. essence
  2. refined
  3. spirit
  4. semen
  5. ghost
  6. fairy
  7. energy
  8. vitality
  9. excellence
  10. purity
  11. skill

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
精
せい
Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (/tsjeŋ/). Compare modern Mandarin 精 ‎(jīng).

Pronunciation

Adjectival noun

精 ‎(-na inflection, hiragana せい, romaji sei)

  1. detailed, conscientious
  2. pure, refined
Inflection

Noun

精 ‎(hiragana せい, romaji sei)

  1. polishing, refining
  2. care, conscientiousness
  3. something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
  4. vim and vigor, energy in doing things
  5. life force, vitality, the energy of living
  6. one's emotions, mind, or soul
  7. the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
  8. semen
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
精
しらげ
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Noun stem of verb 精げる ‎(shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 ‎(shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ ‎(gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.

Pronunciation

Noun

精 ‎(hiragana しらげ, romaji shirage)

  1. rice polishing, rice milling
  2. polished or milled rice
  3. excellence
Synonyms

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

精 • ‎(jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune-Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

精 (tinh, tênh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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