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Definition 2025

破

破

Translingual

Han character

破 (radical 112 石+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一口木竹水 (MRDHE), four-corner 14647, composition ⿰石皮)

References

  • KangXi: page 829, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24124
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1244, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2426, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+7834

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 破

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (皮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
陂 *pral, *prals
詖 *pral, *prals
彼 *pralʔ
柀 *pralʔ
佊 *pralʔ, *prals
貱 *prals
跛 *prals, *paːlʔ
披 *pʰral, *pʰralʔ
鈹 *pʰral
帔 *pʰral, *pʰrals
鮍 *pʰral
耚 *pʰral
狓 *pʰral
翍 *pʰral
旇 *pʰral, *brals
秛 *pʰral, *pʰrals
紴 *pʰralʔ, *paːl
皮 *bral
疲 *bral
被 *bralʔ, *brals
髲 *brals
鞁 *brals
骳 *mbralʔ
波 *paːl
碆 *paːl, *baːl
菠 *paːl
簸 *paːlʔ, *paːls
駊 *paːlʔ, *pʰaːlʔ
頗 *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls
坡 *pʰaːl
玻 *pʰaːl
破 *pʰaːls
婆 *baːl
蔢 *baːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pʰaːls) : semantic 石 + phonetic 皮 ‎(OC *bral).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 破
Mandarin Beijing /pʰo⁵¹/
Harbin /pʰɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /pʰo⁵³/
Jinan /pʰə²¹/
Qingdao /pʰə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /pʰo³¹²/
Xi'an /pʰo⁴⁴/
Xining /pʰɔ²¹³/
Yinchuan /pʰuə¹³/
Lanzhou /pʰə¹³/
Ürümqi /pʰɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /pʰo³⁵/
Chengdu /pʰo¹³/
Guiyang /pʰo²¹³/
Kunming /pʰo²¹²/
Nanjing /pʰo⁴⁴/
Hefei /pʰʊ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /pʰɤ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /pʰei³⁵/
/pʰʌʔ¹³/
/pʰɔ³⁵/
Hohhot /pʰɤ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /pʰu³⁵/
Suzhou /pʰu⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /pʰo⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /pʰøy⁴²/
/pʰa⁴²/
Hui Shexian /pʰo³²⁴/
Tunxi /pʰa⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /pʰo⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /pʰo⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /pʰo²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /pʰo⁵³/
Taoyuan /pʰo⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pʰɔ³³/
Nanning /pʰɔ³³/
Hong Kong /pʰɔ³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /pʰo²¹/
/pʰua²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /pʰuɑi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pʰɔ³³/
/pʰuɛ³³/
/pʰo⁴⁴/ ～命
Shantou (Min Nan) /pʰua²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /fo³⁵/
/fua³⁵/
Rime
Character 破
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 普過切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pʰuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pʰuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pʰuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pʰwaH/
Li
Rong		 /pʰuɑH/
Wang
Li		 /pʰuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pʰuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 pò
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 破
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 pò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ phaH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pʰˤaj-s/
English break (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 破
Reading # 1/1
No. 9732
Phonetic
component		 皮
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 破
Old
Chinese		 /*pʰaːls/

Definitions

破

  1. to break; to ruin; to destroy
  2. to rout; to drive out; to drive away; to banish
  3. broken; worn out; damaged
  4. (colloquial) low-quality; poor

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

破

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. break
  2. cut

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

破 • ‎(pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune-Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

破 (phá, vỡ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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