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Definition 2025
波
波
See also: 疲
Translingual
Han character
波 (radical 85 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水木竹水 (EDHE), four-corner 34147, composition ⿰氵皮)
Derived characters
Descendants
- Japanese: は (ha)
References
- KangXi: page 617, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17308
- Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1597, character 7
- Unihan data for U+6CE2
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
波 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (皮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 陂 | *pral, *prals |
| 詖 | *pral, *prals |
| 彼 | *pralʔ |
| 柀 | *pralʔ |
| 佊 | *pralʔ, *prals |
| 貱 | *prals |
| 跛 | *prals, *paːlʔ |
| 披 | *pʰral, *pʰralʔ |
| 鈹 | *pʰral |
| 帔 | *pʰral, *pʰrals |
| 鮍 | *pʰral |
| 耚 | *pʰral |
| 狓 | *pʰral |
| 翍 | *pʰral |
| 旇 | *pʰral, *brals |
| 秛 | *pʰral, *pʰrals |
| 紴 | *pʰralʔ, *paːl |
| 皮 | *bral |
| 疲 | *bral |
| 被 | *bralʔ, *brals |
| 髲 | *brals |
| 鞁 | *brals |
| 骳 | *mbralʔ |
| 波 | *paːl |
| 碆 | *paːl, *baːl |
| 菠 | *paːl |
| 簸 | *paːlʔ, *paːls |
| 駊 | *paːlʔ, *pʰaːlʔ |
| 頗 | *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls |
| 坡 | *pʰaːl |
| 玻 | *pʰaːl |
| 破 | *pʰaːls |
| 婆 | *baːl |
| 蔢 | *baːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *paːl) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral) – waves of water.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ
- Wade-Giles: po1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo
- IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: bo1
- Yale: bō
- Cantonese Pinyin: bo1
- IPA (key): /pɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pho
- Tâi-lô: pho
- Phofsit Daibuun: phoy
- IPA (Xiamen): /pʰɤ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɤ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɤ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /pʰo⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 波 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing |
/pʰo⁵⁵/ /po⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin |
/pɤ⁴⁴/ /pʰɤ⁴⁴/ |
|
| Tianjin | /pʰo²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /pə²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /pə²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /pʰo²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /pʰo²¹/ | |
| Xining | /pɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /puə⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /pə³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /pɤ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /po⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /po⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /po⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /po⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /po³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /pʊ²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pɤ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao |
/pʰɔ¹³/ /pɔ¹³/ |
|
| Hohhot | /pɤ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /pu⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /pu⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /po³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /pu³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /pɔ³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /po¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /po³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /po³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /po⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /po⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /po²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pɔ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /pɔ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /pɔ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /po⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /pʰo⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /pɔ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /po³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ʔbo²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 波 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 博禾切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/puɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/puɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/puɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/pwa/ |
| Li Rong |
/puɑ/ |
| Wang Li |
/puɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/puɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bō |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 波 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
bō |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ pa › |
| Old Chinese |
/*pˤaj/ |
| English | wave (n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 波 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9719 |
| Phonetic component |
皮 |
| Rime group |
歌 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
波 |
| Old Chinese |
/*paːl/ |
Definitions
波
- wave; breaker
- undulation
- Short for 波蘭/波兰 (Bōlán, “Poland”).
- Short for 波斯 (Bōsī, “Persia”).
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 波
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|
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Japanese
Kanji
波
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 波 |
|
なみ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
Proper noun
波 (hiragana なみ, romaji Nami)
- 波子 Namiko, female given name
Proper noun
- (abbreviation) short notation of Poland
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
波 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune-Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
- (물결, mulgyeol) wave, undulation