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Definition 2024

在

在

在 U+5728, 在
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5728
← 圧
[U+5727] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 圩 →
[U+5729]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

在 (radical 32 土+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大中土 (KLG), four-corner 40214, composition ⿸𠂇⿰丨土)

References

  • KangXi: not present, would follow page 224, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4881
  • Dae Jaweon: page 455, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 418, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5728

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 在

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 在
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (才) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
茬 *zraː, *zraːʔ, *ʔsrɯ, *zrɯ
材 *zlɯː
才 *zlɯː, *zlɯːs
財 *zlɯː
鼒 *zlɯː, *ʔslɯ
在 *zlɯːʔ, *zlɯːs
豺 *zrɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zlɯːʔ, *zlɯːs) : phonetic 才 ‎(OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs) + semantic 土 ‎(“earth”).

在 was visually identical with 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs, “sprout”) in the oracle bone script and some of the bronze Script. It may be either a phonetic loan or a figurative derivate.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 在
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sai⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡sai⁵³/ ～早
/t͡sai²¹³/ ～家
Tianjin /tai⁵³/
/t͡sai⁵³/
Jinan /t͡sɛ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡sɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sai³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡sɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡sɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sai²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sai³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sai¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sai²¹³/ 現～
/tai²¹³/ ～家
Kunming /t͡sæ²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sae⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡se̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sæ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ze²³/
Suzhou /ze̞³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡ze̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ze³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɛ³⁵/
/t͡sʰɛ²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰə²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sai⁵⁵/
/t͡sai¹¹/
/təu¹¹/ ～屋裡
Xiangtan /d͡zai²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰio⁴⁴/
/hio⁴⁴/
/t͡sʰai⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔi²²/
Nanning /t͡sɔi²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sɔi²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sai²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sɑi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sai⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sai³⁵/
/to³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡sai³³/
/ʔdu³³/ 訓
Rime
Character 在 在
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 從 (15) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 咍 (41) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 昨宰切 昨代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡zʌiX/ /d͡zʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡zəiX/ /d͡zəiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡zɒiX/ /d͡zɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡zəjX/ /d͡zəjH/
Li
Rong		 /d͡zᴀiX/ /d͡zᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /d͡zɒiX/ /d͡zɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱɑ̆iX/ /d͡zʱɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zài zài
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 在
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzojX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[dz]ˤəʔ/
English be at, be present

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 在 在
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 1064 1065
Phonetic
component		 才 才
Rime
group		 之 之
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 在 載
Old
Chinese		 /*zlɯːʔ/ /*zlɯːs/

Definitions

在

  1. (located) in, at
  2. to exist, to be (located)
  3. be ...-ing, in the middle of doing something (indicating an action in progress)
  4. during; in

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 在 (“at, in”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 於
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 在
Mandarin Beijing 在、挨、跟
Taiwan 在
Jinan 在、從
Xi'an 在
Wuhan 在
Chengdu 在
Yangzhou 在
Hefei 在
Cantonese Guangzhou 喺、響
Hong Kong 喺、響
Taishan 到、響
Yangjiang 在
Gan Nanchang 在
Hakka Meixian 喺
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 在
Liudui (S. Sixian) 在
Hsinchu (Hailu) 在
Dongshi (Dabu) 在
Zhuolan (Raoping) 在
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 在
Jin Taiyuan 在
Min Bei Jian'ou 到
Min Dong Fuzhou 著、在、洽
Min Nan Quanzhou 佇
Xiamen 佇、踮
Zhangzhou 佇
Taipei 佇、踮 mT
Kaohsiung 佇
Tainan 佇
Taichung 佇
Yilan 佇
Lukang 佇
Sanxia 佇
Kinmen 佇
Magong 佇
Hsinchu 佇
Malaysia 佇
Chaozhou 在
Shantou 在
Wu Shanghai 辣、辣辣、辣海
Suzhou 勒
Wenzhou 是
Xiang Changsha 在
Shuangfeng 在
Note mT - mainstream Taiwanese (no particular region identified)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

在

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

  • 在位 (ざいい, ​zaii)
  • 在家 (ざいけ, ​zaike)
  • 在庫 (ざいこ, ​zaiko)
  • 在校 (ざいこう, ​zaikō)
  • 在住 (ざいじゅう, ​zaijū)
  • 在職 (ざいしょく, ​zaishoku)
  • 在世 (ざいせ, ​zaise)
  • 在籍 (ざいせき, ​zaiseki)
  • 在宅 (ざいたく, ​zaitaku)
  • 在任 (ざいにん, ​zainin)
  • 在来 (ざいらい, ​zairai)
  • 在留 (ざいりゅう, ​zairyū)
  • 存在 (そんざい, ​sonzai)
  • 在日 (ざいにち, ​zainichi)
  • 現在地 (げんざいち, ​genzaichi)

Noun

在 ‎(hiragana ざい, romaji zai)

  1. Short for 在郷 ‎(zaigō): countryside or outskirts

Prefix

在 ‎(hiragana ざい, romaji zai-)

  1. residing in

Korean

Hanja

在 • ‎(jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune-Reischauer chae)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

在 (tại)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Preposition

在

  1. in

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