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Definition 2025
予
予
 
 
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Translingual
Han character
予 (radical 6 亅+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈弓弓 (NINN), four-corner 17202, composition ⿱龴𠄐)
- I, me
 - to give
 - beforehand
 
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 85, character 16
 - Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 231
 - Dae Jaweon: page 174, character 6
 - Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 52, character 2
 - Unihan data for U+4E88
 
Chinese
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la.
Pronunciation 1
| 
simp. and trad. | 
予 | |
|---|---|---|
-  Mandarin
-  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
 - Zhuyin: ㄩˇ
 - Wade-Giles: yü3
 - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeu
 - IPA (key): /y²¹⁴/
 
 
 -  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
 -  Cantonese
-  (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jyu5
 - Yale: yúh
 - Cantonese Pinyin: jy5
 - IPA (key): /jyː¹³/
 
 
 -  (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
 -  Hakka
-  (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
 - Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
 - Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
 - IPA: /i¹¹/
 
 -  (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
 - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
 - Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
 - IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
 
 
 -  (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
 -  Min Nan
-  (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ú
 - Tâi-lô: ú
 - Phofsit Daibuun: uo
 - IPA (Xiamen): /u⁵³/
 
 -  (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ír
 - Tâi-lô: ír
 - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ⁵⁵⁴/
 
 -  (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í
 - Tâi-lô: í
 - Phofsit Daibuun: ie
 - IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³/
 - Note: literary reading.
 
 
 -  (Hokkien: Xiamen)
 
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 予 | 
| Reading # | 2/2 | 
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | 
| Openness (開合) | Open | 
| Division (等) | III | 
| Fanqie | 余吕切 | 
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang  | 
/jɨʌX/ | 
| Pan Wuyun  | 
/jiɔX/ | 
| Shao Rongfen  | 
/iɔX/ | 
| Edwin Pulleyblank  | 
/jɨə̆X/ | 
| Li Rong  | 
/iɔX/ | 
| Wang Li  | 
/jĭoX/ | 
| Bernard Karlgren  | 
/i̯woX/ | 
| Expected Mandarin Reflex  | 
yǔ | 
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 予 | 
| Reading # | 2/2 | 
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin)  | 
yǔ | 
| Middle Chinese  | 
‹ yoX › | 
| Old Chinese  | 
/*laʔ/ | 
| English | give; together with | 
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: 					* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;  | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 予 | 
| Reading # | 2/2 | 
| No. | 15739 | 
| Phonetic component  | 
予 | 
| Rime group  | 
魚 | 
| Rime subdivision  | 
0 | 
| Corresponding MC rime  | 
|
| Old Chinese  | 
/*laʔ/ | 
Definitions
予
Pronunciation 2
| 
simp. and trad. | 
予 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 
互 乎 與/与 度 Quanzhou  | 
|
-  Min Nan
-  (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
 - Tâi-lô: hōo
 - Phofsit Daibuun: ho
 - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ²²/
 - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ²²/
 - IPA (Taipei): /hɔ³³/
 - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³/
 
 -  (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thō͘
 - Tâi-lô: thōo
 - Phofsit Daibuun: to
 - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁴¹/
 
 -  (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǒ͘
 - Tâi-lô: hǒo
 - Note: vernacular reading.
 
 
 -  (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
 
Definitions
予 (Hokkien)
- to give
 -  to allow
- 予伊去! [Min Nan] ― Hō͘ i khì! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Let it go!
 
 -  by (used in constructing the passive)
- 伊予人拍。 [Min Nan] ― I hō͘ lâng phah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― He was beaten up (by someone).
 
 
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“to give”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words | 
| Classical Chinese | 予 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 給 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 給 | 
| Taiwan | 給 | |
| Tianjin | 給 | |
| Jinan | 給 | |
| Xi'an | 給 | |
| Wuhan | 把、把得、給 | |
| Chengdu | 給 | |
| Yangzhou | 把、給 | |
| Hefei | 給 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 畀 | 
| Hong Kong | 畀 | |
| Taishan | 予 | |
| Yangjiang | 畀 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 把 | 
| Hakka | Meixian | 分 | 
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 分 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 分 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 分 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 分 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 分 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 得 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 給 | 
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 吶 | 
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 乞 | 
| Min Nan | Quanzhou | 予 | 
| Xiamen | 予 | |
| Zhangzhou | 予 | |
| Taipei | 予 | |
| Kaohsiung | 予 | |
| Tainan | 予 | |
| Taichung | 予 | |
| Yilan | 予 | |
| Lukang | 予 | |
| Sanxia | 予 | |
| Kinmen | 予 | |
| Magong | 予 | |
| Hsinchu | 予 | |
| Chaozhou | 分 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 撥 | 
| Suzhou | 撥 | |
| Wenzhou | 匄 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 把 | 
Etymology 2
| 
simp. and trad. | 
予 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
-  Mandarin
-  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
 - Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
 - Wade-Giles: yü2
 - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
 - IPA (key): /y³⁵/
 
 
 -  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
 -  Cantonese
-  (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jyu4
 - Yale: yùh
 - Cantonese Pinyin: jy4
 - IPA (key): /jyː²¹/
 
 
 -  (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
 -  Min Nan
-  (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: û
 - Tâi-lô: û
 - Phofsit Daibuun: uu
 - IPA (Xiamen): /u²⁴/
 
 -  (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: îr
 - Tâi-lô: îr
 - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ²⁴/
 
 -  (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
 - Tâi-lô: î
 - Phofsit Daibuun: ii
 - IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
 
 
 -  (Hokkien: Xiamen)
 
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 予 | 
| Reading # | 1/2 | 
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | 
| Openness (開合) | Open | 
| Division (等) | III | 
| Fanqie | 以諸切 | 
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang  | 
/jɨʌ/ | 
| Pan Wuyun  | 
/jiɔ/ | 
| Shao Rongfen  | 
/iɔ/ | 
| Edwin Pulleyblank  | 
/jɨə̆/ | 
| Li Rong  | 
/iɔ/ | 
| Wang Li  | 
/jĭo/ | 
| Bernard Karlgren  | 
/i̯wo/ | 
| Expected Mandarin Reflex  | 
yú | 
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 予 | 
| Reading # | 1/2 | 
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin)  | 
yú | 
| Middle Chinese  | 
‹ yo › | 
| Old Chinese  | 
/*laʔ/ | 
| English | I, we | 
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: 					* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;  | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 予 | 
| Reading # | 1/2 | 
| No. | 15738 | 
| Phonetic component  | 
予 | 
| Rime group  | 
魚 | 
| Rime subdivision  | 
0 | 
| Corresponding MC rime  | 
余 | 
| Old Chinese  | 
/*la/ | 
Definitions
予
Etymology 3
|  For pronunciation and definitions of 予 – see 豫. (This character, 予, is a variant form of 豫.)  | 
Japanese
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [jo]
 
Pronoun
予 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 豫, hiragana よ, romaji yo)
-  first-person personal pronoun; I, me
-  1802-1814: Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige (volume 1)
- 予此街道に毫をはせて膝栗毛の書を著す。
 
 
 -  1802-1814: Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige (volume 1)
 
Etymology 2
Kanji
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 豫)
- beforehand, in advance
 
Readings
Compounds
References
- Asō, Isoji (1958) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 62: Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-0006-0062-1
 
Korean
Hanja
予 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune-Reischauer yŏ)
-  This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text 
{{rfdef}}. 
Vietnamese
Han character
予 (nhừ, dư)
-  This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text 
{{rfdef}}.