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Definition 2024
麻
麻
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Shinjitai | 麻 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 麻 |
| Traditional | 麻 |
Han character
麻 (radical 200 麻+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈木木 (IDD) or 戈十金金 (IJCC), four-corner 00294, composition ⿸广林)
- Kangxi radical #200, ⿇ (“hemp”).
Derived characters
See also
References
- KangXi: page 1515, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47888
- Dae Jaweon: page 2044, character 29
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4723, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9EBB
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
麻 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 麻
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 麻 | *mraːl |
| 痲 | *mraːl |
| 犘 | *mraːl |
| 縻 | *mral |
| 醿 | *mral |
| 爢 | *mral |
| 蘼 | *mral, *mralʔ, *mrɯl |
| 靡 | *mralʔ |
| 摩 | *maːl, *maːls |
| 魔 | *maːl |
| 磨 | *maːl, *maːls |
| 劘 | *maːl |
| 麽 | *maːl |
| 麼 | *maːlʔ |
| 塺 | *maːls, *mɯːl |
| 麾 | *hmral |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 厂 + 𣏟: a representation of hemp leaves.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): maa4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mà
- Min Nan (POJ): môa / bâ / mâ
- Wu (Wiktionary): mo (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˊ
- Wade-Giles: ma2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ma
- IPA (key): /ma̠³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: maa4
- Yale: màh
- Cantonese Pinyin: maa4
- IPA (key): /mɑː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mà
- Hakka Romanization System: maˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ma2
- IPA: /ma¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa / bâ / mâ
- Tâi-lô: muâ / bâ / mâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: moaa, baa, maa
- IPA (Xiamen): /mua²⁴/, /ba²⁴/, /ma²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /mua²⁴/, /ba²⁴/, /ma²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /mua¹³/, /ba¹³/, /ma¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /mua²⁴/, /ba²⁴/, /ma²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /mua²³/, /ba²³/, /ma²³/
- Note: môa, bâ - vernacular, mâ - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: mo (T3)
- IPA (key): /mo²³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 麻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 莫霞切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/mˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/mᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ma/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/maɨ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ma/ |
| Wang Li |
/ma/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ma/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
má |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 麻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
má |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ mæ › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.mˤraj/ |
| English | hemp |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 麻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8694 |
| Phonetic component |
麻 |
| Rime group |
歌 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
麻 |
| Old Chinese |
/*mraːl/ |
Definitions
麻
- hemp
- hemp fibre
-
- 亦以皮為麻。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- 亦以皮为麻。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
- yì yǐ pí wèi má. [Pinyin]
- ...its skin can also be used as fabric.
-
- rope made of hemp, flax, jute, etc.
- mourning garment; mourning apparel
- (historical) imperial edict
- Short for 芝麻 (zhīma, “sesame”).
- numerous; chaotic
- coarse; rough
- spotty; pitty
- (TCM) Short for 麻疹 (mázhěn, “measles”).
- pockmark; pock
- numb; senseless
- (of foods) numbingly spicy
- 麻辣 ― málà ― hot and spicy
- anaesthesia
Compounds
Derived terms from 麻
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Japanese
Kanji
麻
Readings
- Goon: め (me)
- Kan’on: ば (ba)
- Kan’yōon: ま (ma)
- Kun: あさ (asa), お (o), (historical) を (wo), そ (so)
- Nanori: あ, (a) あざ, (aza)
Compounds
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 麻 |
|
あさ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation
Noun
Proper noun
- A surname.
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 麻 |
|
お Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
/wo/ → /o/
From Old Japanese 麻 (wo).[3]
Pronunciation
Noun
麻 (hiragana お, romaji o, historical hiragana を)
- The hemp or ramie plant.
- Thread or yarn made from fibers derived from the bark of hemp or ramie stems.
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 麻 |
|
そ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Possibly from an altered pronunciation of asa.
Pronunciation
Noun
Usage notes
Most often found in compounds.
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 麻 |
|
ま Grade: S |
| kan'yōon |
From Middle Chinese 麻 (mæ, “hemp”).
Pronunciation
- Kan'yōyomi
- IPA(key): [ma̠]
Noun
- The hemp plant.
- The bark of the hemp plant.
- Thread, yarn, or cloth made from the hemp fiber. Used in the past for mourning clothes in China.
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- Tsukishima, Hiroshi (c. 800) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, ISBN 4-7629-3089-X, published 1979