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Definition 2024

爛

爛

See also: 烂

Translingual

Han character

爛 (radical 86 火+17, 21 strokes, cangjie input 火日弓田 (FANW), four-corner 97820, composition ⿰火闌)

References

  • KangXi: page 687, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19604
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1099, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2249, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+721B

Chinese

trad. 爛
simp. 烂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爛
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘭 *ɡ·raːn
攔 *ɡ·raːn
欄 *ɡ·raːn
瀾 *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns
讕 *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌 *ɡ·raːn
韊 *ɡ·raːn
幱 *ɡ·raːn
籣 *ɡ·raːn
躝 *ɡ·raːn
爛 *ɡ·raːns
爤 *ɡ·raːns
鑭 *ɡ·raːns
糷 *ɡ·raːns
斕 *ɡr·reːn
揀 *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns
柬 *kreːnʔ
暕 *kreːnʔ
諫 *kraːns
練 *ɡ·reːns
鍊 *ɡ·reːns
煉 *ɡ·reːns
楝 *ɡ·reːns
萰 *ɡ·reːns
堜 *ɡ·reːns
湅 *ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raːns) : semantic 火 ‎(“fire”) + phonetic 闌 ‎(OC *ɡ·raːn).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 爛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 郎旰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lanH/
Li
Rong		 /lɑnH/
Wang
Li		 /lɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /lɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 làn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 爛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 làn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lanH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]ˤan-s/
English cooked until soft

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 爛
Reading # 1/1
No. 6130
Phonetic
component		 柬
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 爛
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡ·raːns/

Definitions

爛

  1. (of fruits, etc.) rotten; spoiled; decayed
    爛蘋果 / 烂苹果  ―  làn pínguǒ  ―  rotten apple
  2. well-cooked; soft; mushy
    佢鍾意啲薯仔煮得好爛。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢钟意啲薯仔煮得好烂。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    Keoi5 zung1 ji3 di1 syu4 zai2 zyu2 dak1 hou2laan6. [Jyutping]
    He likes his potatoes cooked very mushy.
  3. broken; fragmented; shattered
    佢整爛其他人啲嘢都唔知錯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢整烂其他人啲嘢都唔知错。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    Keoi5 zing2laan6 kei4 taa1 jan4 di1 je5 dou1 m4 zi1 co3. [Jyutping]
    He didn't apologize even though he broke someone else's things.
  4. bad; awful
    爛gag / 烂gag [Cantonese]  ―  laan6 gag [Jyutping]  ―  bad joke
    我的英文很爛。 / 我的英文很烂。  ―  Wǒ de yīngwén hěn làn.  ―  My English is awful.
  5. to rot; to decay; to decompose; to spoil
  6. completely

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

爛

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

爛 • ‎(ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune-Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)

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Vietnamese

Han character

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