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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 75 +5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹木 (NHD), four-corner 17904, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 519, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14622
  • Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1192, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+67D4

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*muː, *mu
*muːʔ, *moːɡ
*ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us
*mruː
*mruː, *muːŋ
*mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs
*mruː
*moːɡs, *mroːɡ
*moːɡs
*mus
*mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs
*mus
*mus
*mu
*mu
*mu, *muːŋ
*mu
*mu, *moːɡ
*ml'us
*ml'us, *mlju
*mlju
*mju
*mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus
*mju
*mju
*mju
*mju, *mjuʔ
*mju, *mjus
*mju
*mju
*mju
*mjuʔ
*mjuʔ, *mjus
*mjuʔ, *mjus
*mjuʔ
*moʔ, *mos
*moɡs
*moɡs, *moːɡ
*moɡs
*moɡs
*moɡs, *moːŋ
*moɡs
*moɡs, *moːŋ
*moːŋ, *moːŋs
*moːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) :  +  (tree) – wood soft enough that it can easily be cut.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʐou³⁵/
Harbin /ʐou²⁴/
Tianjin /iou⁴⁵/
/ʐou⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʐou⁴²/
Qingdao /iou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐou⁴²/
Xi'an /ʐou²⁴/
Xining /ʐɯ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʐəu⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʐou⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤu⁵¹/
Wuhan /nəu²¹³/
Chengdu /zəu³¹/
Guiyang /zəu²¹/
Kunming /ʐəu³¹/
Nanjing /ʐəɯ²⁴/
Hefei /ʐɯ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zəu¹¹/
Pingyao /ʐəu¹³/
Hohhot /ʐəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zɤ²³/
Suzhou /zɤ¹³/
Hangzhou /zei²¹³/
Wenzhou /jɤu³¹/
Hui Shexian /iu⁴⁴/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /iəu¹³/
Xiangtan /iəɯ¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /iu¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒiu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐu²¹/
Nanning /jɐu²¹/
Hong Kong /jɐu²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieu⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /iu²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /zĩu⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ziu²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (38)
Final () (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵiu/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵuw/
Li
Rong
/ȵiu/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
róu
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
róu
Middle
Chinese
‹ nyuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*nu/
English soft

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 8825
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*mlju/

Definitions

  1. soft
  2. gentle, pliant

Compounds

  • 柔肠寸断
  • 柔道 (róudào)
  • 柔和
  • 柔滑
  • 柔麻
  • 柔美
  • 柔媚
  • 柔嫩
  • 柔懦
  • 柔情
  • 柔韧
  • 柔软
  • 柔软体操
  • 柔润
  • 柔弱
  • 柔声
  • 柔顺
  • 柔婉
  • 柔细
  • 柔中有刚
  • 柔術 (róushù)

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Goon: にゅう (nyū) < にう (niu)
  • Kan’on: じゅう (jū) < じう (jiu)
  • Kun: やわらかい (yawarakai) < やはらかい (yaharakai), やわらげる (yawarageru) < やはらげる (yaharageru), やわらぐ (yawaragu) < やはらぐ (yaharagu)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
やわ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Adjectival noun

(-na inflection, hiragana やわ, romaji yawa, historical hiragana やは)

  1. weak

Etymology 2

Noun

(hiragana やわら, romaji yawara, historical hiragana やはら)

  1. A small handheld metal weapon; like a 'fist-iron'; either one or two small, thick sticks which stick out about an inch from each side of the hand--usually used in pairs to initiate throws, bone breaks, and pressure point strikes; inspired from the vajra/kongō.

See also

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
じゅう
Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana じゅう, romaji , historical hiragana じう)

  1. softness

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

(yu) (hangeul , revised yu, McCune-Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(nhu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.