Translingual

Stroke order

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 你 ‎(“you”) + 心 ‎(“heart”).

Han character

您 (radical 61 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人火心 (OFP), four-corner 2733₉, composition ⿱你心)

References

• KangXi: not present, would follow page 388, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10712
• Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2301, character 2
• Unihan data for U+60A8

Chinese

Alternative forms

• 恁
• 𠑓

Etymology

This character was not listed in Sui/Tang rhyme books. First attested in Jin/Yuan-era novels, when it was also written as 恁 (original MC pron. ȵʑǐĕm), and occurred predominantly in attributive environments, forming complementary distribution with 你 (nǐ) in other cases. Originally, 您 was a pronoun for both 2nd sg. and 2nd pl., and 你每 (nǐměi) (> 你們／你们 (nǐmen)) was an equilibrating disyllabic version of 您, which retains the -m syllable coda of 您 disappearing in Mandarin. Later, in the Beijing dialect, -們／们 (men) was restricted to purely a plural suffix, and 您 restricted to purely a 2nd sg. honorific pronoun, although the 2nd pl. hon. 您們／您们 (nínmen) is still considered ungrammatical by some speakers. The plural sense of 您 is retained in the Tianjin dialect:

Nín le xiān liáo, wǒ dào wàitóu liūda liūda. [Pinyin]

Please continue your conversation. I'll just be having a walk outside.

and in Min 恁.^[1][2]

Pronunciation

Definitions

您

1. (polite) you
2. (dialectal) you (plural)

Synonyms

• (informal) 你 (nǐ)
• (archaic) 爾／尔 (ěr)
• (archaic) 汝 (rǔ)

See also

References

1. ↑ 吕叔湘 (Lü Shuxiang)，《释您，俺，咱，喒，附论们字》，in 《吕叔湘全集》第二卷 汉语语法论文集。
2. ↑ 张俊阁，《近代汉语第二人称代词“您（恁）”的来源》，聊城大学学报（社会科学版），2010年第1期。

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• Goon: に (ni)
• Kan’on: じ (ji)
• Kun: なんじ (nanji), しかり (shikari), その (sono), のみ (nomi)

Vietnamese

Han character

您 (nâm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.