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Definition 2025
寂寞
寂寞
Chinese
| lonesome | lonesome | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
simp. and trad. (寂寞) |
寂 | 寞 | |
Adjective
寂寞
Noun
寂寞
- loneliness; desolation
- quiet; still
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 寂 | 寞 |
|
せき Grade: S |
ばく Hyōgaiji |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
寂寞 (hiragana せきばく, romaji sekibaku)
Adjective
寂寞 (-tari inflection, hiragana せきばく, romaji sekibaku)
References
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 寂 | 寞 |
Noun
寂寞 • (jeongmak) (hangeul 적막)
- Hanja form? of 적막, “loneliness, desolation”.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zik6 mok6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sit-mok
- Min Nan (POJ): che̍k-bo̍k / chi̍p-bo̍k / siok-bo̍k
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄇㄛˋ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihmoh
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zik6 mok6
- Yale: jihk mohk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzik9 mok9
- IPA (key): /t͡sɪk̚² mɔːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sit-mok
- Hakka Romanization System: xid` mog`
- Hagfa Pinyim: xid5 mog5
- IPA: /ɕit̚² mok̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che̍k-bo̍k
- Tâi-lô: tsi̍k-bo̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: zegbok
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪk̚⁴⁻²¹ bɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bɔk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪk̚⁴⁻³² bɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪk̚⁴⁻³² bɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍p-bo̍k
- Tâi-lô: tsi̍p-bo̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: cibbok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕip̚²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siok-bo̍k
- Tâi-lô: siok-bo̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: siokbok
- IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 寂 | 寞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | I |
| Fanqie | 前歷切 | 慕各切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡zek̚/ | /mɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡zek̚/ | /mɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡zɛk̚/ | /mɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡zɛjk̚/ | /mak̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡zek̚/ | /mɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡ziek̚/ | /mɑk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡zʱiek̚/ | /mɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jí | mò |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 寂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzek › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s-[d]ˤiwk/ |
| English | quiet |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 寂 | 寞 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11734 | 9255 |
| Phonetic component |
尗 | 莫 |
| Rime group |
覺 | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
寂 | 莫 |
| Old Chinese |
/*zlɯːwɢ/ | /*maːɡ/ |