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Definition 2024
別
別
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See also: 别
Translingual
Han character
別 (radical 18 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口尸中弓 (RSLN), four-corner 62200, composition ⿰𠮠刂)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 138, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1924
- Dae Jaweon: page 312, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 328, character 13
- Unihan data for U+5225
Chinese
| trad. | 別 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 别 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (别) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 捌 | *preːd, *praːd |
| 哵 | *preːd |
| 別 | *pred, *bred |
| 莂 | *pred |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 骨 (“bone”) + 刂 (“knife”) – to cut up bone and flesh.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 八 (OC *preːd, “to divide; to differentiate”), 列 (OC *red), 裂 (OC *red).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bit6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phe̍t
- Min Dong (BUC): bĕk / biék / biĕk
- Min Nan (POJ): pa̍t / pia̍t
- Wu (Wiktionary): beq (T5); biq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄝˊ
- Wade-Giles: pieh2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bye
- IPA (key): /pi̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: bit6
- Yale: biht
- Cantonese Pinyin: bit9
- IPA (key): /piːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phe̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: ped
- Hagfa Pinyim: ped6
- IPA: /pʰet̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bĕk / biék / biĕk
- IPA (key): /piʔ⁵⁵/, /piɛʔ²⁴/, /pieʔ⁵⁵/
- Note: bĕk - vernacular (“another; different”); biék - “to distinguish”; biĕk - literary (“to leave; another”).
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pa̍t / pia̍t
- Tâi-lô: pa̍t / pia̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: pat, piat
- IPA (Xiamen): /pat̚⁴/, /piɛt̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pat̚²⁴/, /piɛt̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pat̚¹²¹/, /piɛt̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /pat̚⁴/, /piɛt̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pat̚⁴/, /piɛt̚⁴/
- Note: pa̍t - vernacular; pia̍t - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: beq (T5); biq (T5)
- IPA (key): /b̻əʔ¹²/, /b̻i̯ɪʔ¹²/
- Note: 5beq - vernacular; 5biq - literary.
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 別 | 別 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (83) | 薛 (83) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | Chongniu III | Chongniu III |
| Fanqie | 皮列切 | 方别切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/bˠiᴇt̚/ | /pˠiᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/bᵚiɛt̚/ | /pᵚiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/biæt̚/ | /piæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/biat̚/ | /piat̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/bjɛt̚/ | /pjɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/bĭɛt̚/ | /pĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/bʱi̯ɛt̚/ | /pi̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bié | bie |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 別 | 別 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
bié | bié |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ bjet › | ‹ pjet › |
| Old Chinese |
/*N-pret/ | /*pret/ |
| English | be separated (intr.) | separate (tr.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 別 | 別 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 820 | 821 |
| Phonetic component |
别 | 别 |
| Rime group |
月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
䇷 | 别 |
| Old Chinese |
/*pred/ | /*bred/ |
Definitions
別
- † to cut apart; to divide up
- to divide; to separate
- to distinguish; to differentiate; to discriminate
- distinction; difference; contrast
- group; class; kind
- to leave; to part
- to see someone off
- to pin; to clip
- to turn; to change
- to stick something in; to bolt
- another; other
-
- 不要探聽別人的事。 [MSC, trad.]
- 不要探听别人的事。 [MSC, simp.]
- Bùyào tàntīng biérén de shì. [Pinyin]
- Don't pry into other people's affairs.
-
- 既然我們已經溫習夠了，不如做別的事情吧。 [MSC, trad.]
- 既然我们已经温习够了，不如做别的事情吧。 [MSC, simp.]
- Jìrán wǒmen yǐjīng wēnxí gòu le, bùrú zuò bié de shìqíng ba. [Pinyin]
- Since we've studied enough, let's do something else.
-
- special; unique; peculiar; particular
- misspelled; erroneous
- besides; in addition
- by oneself; on one's own; separately
- had better not; do not; don't
- particle used with 是 after it to express supposition, often an imagined unfavourable scenario
- A surname.
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 勿、莫、毋 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 別 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 別 |
| Taiwan | 別、不要 | |
| Jinan | 別、別價 | |
| Xi'an | 嫑、不敢 | |
| Wuhan | 莫、不 | |
| Chengdu | 莫、不要 | |
| Yangzhou | 莫、不要 | |
| Hefei | 別、不要 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咪、唔好 |
| Hong Kong | 咪、唔好 | |
| Yangjiang | 莫、無好 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 莫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 莫、毋愛、毋好 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 不要、不敢 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 伓敢、伓讓、勿 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 伓通、莫 |
| Min Nan | Quanzhou | 毋通、毋愛 |
| Xiamen | 毋通、毋愛、莫 | |
| Zhangzhou | 毋通、莫 | |
| Taipei | 莫 | |
| Kaohsiung | 莫 | |
| Tainan | 莫 | |
| Yilan | 毋通、莫 | |
| Lukang | 莫 | |
| Sanxia | 莫去 | |
| Chaozhou | 孬、勿 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 𧟰 |
| Wenzhou | 𧟰 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 莫 |
| Shuangfeng | 莫 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 別
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Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 別 – see 彆 (“to make someone change their opinion; to dissuade”). (This character, 別, is the simplified form of 彆.) |
Notes:
|
Japanese
Kanji
別
Readings
- Goon: べち (bechi)
- Kan’on: へつ (hetsu)
- Kan’yōon: べつ (betsu)
- Kun: わかれる (wakareru), わける (wakeru), わかれ (wakare)
Compounds
Adjective
別 (-na inflection, hiragana べつ, romaji betsu)
Inflection
Inflection of "別な"
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 別だろ | べつだろ | betsu daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 別で | べつで | betsu de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 別だ | べつだ | betsu da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 別な | べつな | betsu na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 別なら | べつなら | betsu nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 別であれ | べつであれ | betsu de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 別ではない 別じゃない |
べつではない べつじゃない |
betsu de wa nai betsu ja nai |
| Informal past | 別だった | べつだった | betsu datta |
| Informal negative past | 別ではなかった 別じゃなかった |
べつではなかった べつじゃなかった |
betsu de wa nakatta betsu ja nakatta |
| Formal | 別です | べつです | betsu desu |
| Formal negative | 別ではありません 別じゃありません |
べつではありません べつじゃありません |
betsu de wa arimasen betsu ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 別でした | べつでした | betsu deshita |
| Formal negative past | 別ではありませんでした 別じゃありませんでした |
べつではありませんでした べつじゃありませんでした |
betsu de wa arimasen deshita betsu ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 別で | べつで | betsu de |
| Conditional | 別なら（ば） | べつなら（ば） | betsu nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 別だったら | べつだったら | betsu dattara |
| Volitional | 別だろう | べつだろう | betsu darō |
| Adverbial | 別に | べつに | betsu ni |
| Degree | 別さ | べつさ | betsusa |
Adverb
別 (hiragana べつ, romaji betsu)
- not particularly; not specially (used with a negative verb)
Derived terms
- 別に (betsu ni)
Noun
別 (hiragana べつ, romaji betsu)
- difference, another, exception
Korean
Hanja
別 • (byeol) (hangeul 별, revised byeol, McCune-Reischauer pyŏl)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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