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Definition 2024
玉
玉
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Japanese stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Alternative forms
- 王 (when used as a Chinese Radical)
Han character
玉 (radical 96 玉+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈 (MGI), four-corner 10103)
- Kangxi radical #96, ⽟ (“jade”).
References
- KangXi: page 726, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20821
- Dae Jaweon: page 1135, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1100, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7389
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
玉 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 𤣩 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 玉
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (玉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 珏 | *kŋroːɡ |
| 砡 | *ŋuɡ |
| 匤 | *kʰoɡ |
| 玉 | *ŋoɡ |
| 鳿 | *ŋoɡ |
| 頊 | *ŋoɡ, *hŋoɡ |
The character's shape was historically very similar to 王; a dot was introduced to differentiate the two. It originally meant “blemished jade”. 玉 can also be found written as 玊 (sù) for the same reason.
Pictogram (象形) : a picture of a cong (琮), a sort of ritual jade totem.
It is also interpreted as three pieces of jade strung together on a string.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): juk6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiu̍k
- Min Dong (BUC): nguŏh / ngṳ̆k
- Min Nan (POJ): gio̍k / gia̍k / ge̍k
- Wu (Wiktionary): nyioq (T5); nyyq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
- Wade-Giles: yü4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiw
- IPA (key): /y⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: juk6
- Yale: yuhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: juk9
- IPA (key): /jʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiug
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiug6
- IPA: /ɲi̯uk̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nguŏh / ngṳ̆k
- IPA (key): /ŋuoʔ⁵/, /ŋyʔ⁵⁵/
- Note: nguŏh - vernacular; ngṳ̆k - literary.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍k
- Tâi-lô: gio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /giɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /giɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /giɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /giɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /giɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k
- Tâi-lô: gia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /giak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gek
- IPA (Taipei): /giɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /giɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /giɪk̚⁴/
- Note: gio̍k - literary; gia̍k/ge̍k - vernacular.
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nyioq (T5); nyyq (T5)
- IPA (key): /ȵi̯ʊʔ¹²/, /ȵɥ̯ɪʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 玉 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /y⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /y⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /y⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /y²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /y⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /y³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /y²¹/ | |
| Xining | /y⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /y¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /y¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /y²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /y³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /y¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /i²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /i²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /y⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /zz̩ʷ⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /y⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /y³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /y⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵioʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /ȵioʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ȵioʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ȵo²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /y²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ȵy¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha |
/y⁵⁵/ /ʐəu²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /y⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /y²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiuk̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jok̚²/ |
| Nanning | /juk̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /juk̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/giɔk̚⁵/ /gik̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ŋuoʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ŋy⁴²/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /gek̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/zi³³/ /zi³⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 玉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚欲切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ŋɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ŋiok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ŋiok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ŋuawk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ŋiok̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ŋĭwok̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ŋi̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yù |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 玉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yù |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ngjowk › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ŋ](r)ok/ (< uvular?) |
| English | jade |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 玉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15971 |
| Phonetic component |
玉 |
| Rime group |
屋 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
玉 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋoɡ/ |
Definitions
玉
- jade (originally nephrite, now also including jadeite)
- precious stone; gem
- pure; beautiful
- (honorific) your
Hyponyms
Compounds
Derived terms from 玉
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Japanese
Kanji
玉
Readings
Synonyms
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 玉 |
|
たま Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
Derived terms
|
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 玉 |
|
ぎょく Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi |
Pronunciation
- On'yomi: Kan'on
- (Tokyo) ぎょく [gyòkú] (Heiban - [0])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) ぎょく [gyóꜜkù] (Atamadaka - [1])[1][2](a stock being traded)
- IPA(key): [ɡjo̞kɯᵝ]
Noun
玉 (hiragana ぎょく, romaji gyoku)
- precious stone
- a chicken’s egg (to be eaten)
- a stock being traded
- geisha
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 玉 |
|
ぎょく Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi |
Abbreviation of 玉将
Pronunciation
Noun
玉 (hiragana ぎょく, romaji gyoku)
References
- 1 2 3 4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- 1 2 3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
玉 • (ok)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 옥 (revised: ok, McCune-Reischauer: ok, Yale: ok)
- Name (hangeul): 구슬()
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Compounds
- 玉編
Vietnamese
Han character
玉 (ngọc)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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