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Definition 2025

商

商

商 U+5546, 商
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5546
← 啅
[U+5545] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 啇 →
[U+5547]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

商 (radical 30 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜金月口 (YCBR), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱⿱亠丷冏)

References

  • KangXi: page 194, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3803
  • Dae Jaweon: page 415, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 288, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5546

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 商

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 商
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (商) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
商 *hljaŋ
蔏 *hljaŋ
螪 *hljaŋ

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 商
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式羊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕɨaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shāng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 商 商 商
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shāng shāng shāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syang › ‹ syang › ‹ syang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-taŋ/ /*s-taŋ/ /*s-taŋ/
English musical note (place name) estimate; business; trader

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 商
Reading # 1/1
No. 11097
Phonetic
component		 商
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 商
Old
Chinese		 /*hljaŋ/

Definitions

商

  1. trade; commerce; business
  2. businessman; dealer
  3. (mathematics) quotient
    6除2的商是3  ―  6 chú 2 de shāng shì 3  ―  the quotient of 6 divided by 2 is 3
  4. (archaic, music) the second note in the Chinese pentatonic scale
  5. the Shang Dynasty
  6. to discuss; to consult

Japanese

Kanji

商

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
商
しょう
Grade: 3
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 商 ‎(syang, “commerce”).

Pronunciation

Noun

商 ‎(hiragana しょう, romaji shō, historical hiragana しやう)

  1. dealing, dealer, merchant
  2. (arithmetic) quotient

See also

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Hanja

商 • ‎(sang) (hangeul 상)

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Vietnamese

Han character

商 (thương)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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