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Definition 2025

向

向

向 U+5411, 向
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5411
← 吐
[U+5410] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吒 →
[U+5412]
See also: 何, 同, 回, and 嚮

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

向 (radical 30 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月口 (HBR), four-corner 27220, composition ⿱丿冋)

Derived terms

References

  • KangXi: page 176, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3301
  • Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 579, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5411

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 向
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (向) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
晌 *hljaŋʔ
餉 *hljaŋs
向 *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs
珦 *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 宀 ‎(“house”) + 口 ‎(“window”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 向

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 向 向
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 陽 (105) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 式亮切 許亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕɨɐŋH/ /hɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɐŋH/ /hiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiɑŋH/ /xiɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕɨaŋH/ /hɨaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiaŋH/ /xiaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭaŋH/ /xĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯aŋH/ /xi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shàng xiàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 向
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xjangH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥aŋ-s/
English window facing North; turn towards

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 向 向
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 13658 13660
Phonetic
component		 向 向
Rime
group		 陽 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 餉 向
Old
Chinese		 /*hljaŋs/ /*hlaŋs/

Definitions

向

  1. to face
  2. to side with; to favour; to discriminate in favour of
  3. to admire; to revere
  4. to approach; to advance towards
  5. direction
  6. (figuratively) direction; tendency; trend
  7. towards; to
  8. formerly; previously
  9. always; throughout
  10. A surname​.
Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 向 – see 嚮.
(This character, 向, is a variant form of 嚮.)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 向 – see 曏.
(This character, 向, is the simplified form of 曏.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

向

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. yonder
  2. facing

Readings

Proper noun

向 ‎(hiragana むかい, romaji Mukai)

  1. A surname​.

Korean

Hanja

向 • ‎(hyang, sang) (hangeul 향, 상, revised hyang, sang, McCune-Reischauer hyang, sang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

向 (hướng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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