Hindi

Noun

चन्दन • ‎(candan) m ‎(Urdu spelling چندن)

1. sandalwood

Sanskrit

Etymology

Usually derived from चन्दति ‎(candati, “to shine”), but probably a Dravidian borrowing: compare Tamil [script needed] ‎(cāntu, “Santalum tree”), [script needed] ‎(cāntam, “sandalwood”), Malayalam [script needed] ‎(cāntu, “sandal paste”).

Noun

चन्दन • ‎(candana) m

1. sandalwood

Declension

Descendants

• Bengali: চন্দন ‎(côndôn)
• → Byzantine Greek: τζανδάναν ‎(tzandánan) (in Cosmas Indicopleustes)
• → Chinese: 栴檀 (MC t͡ɕiᴇn dɑn)
• Gujarati: ચંદન ‎(candan)
• Hindi: चन्दन ‎(candan)
• → Lao: ຈັນ ‎(jan)
• → Malay: cendana
• → Middle Persian: cndl ‎(čandal)
  • Persian: چندل ‎(čandal), چندن ‎(čandan), چندان ‎(čandân)
    • → Middle Armenian: ճանդալ ‎(čandal), չանդան ‎(čʿandan)
  • → Arabic: صَنْدَل ‎(ṣandal)
    • → Byzantine Greek: σάνδανον ‎(sándanon), σάνταλον ‎(sántalon)
      • Greek: σάνταλο ‎(sántalo)
      • → Medieval Latin: sandalum, santalum
        • → English: sandal
        • → French: santal, sandal
          • → English: santal
        • → Italian: sandalo
          • → German: Sandel
        • → New Latin: Santalum
        • → Portuguese: sândalo
        • → Spanish: sándalo
      • → Old East Slavic: сандалъ ‎(sandalŭ)
        • Russian: санда́л ‎(sandál), санта́л ‎(santál)
    • → Middle Armenian: սանտալ ‎(santal), սանդալ ‎(sandal)
    • → Persian: صندل ‎(sandal)
      • → Hindustani:

        Hindi: संदल ‎(sandal)

        Urdu: صندل ‎(sandal)

      • → Ottoman Turkish: صندل ‎(sendel), سندل ‎(sendel)
        • Turkish: sandal
  • → Classical Syriac: ܨܢܕܠ ‎(ṣandal)
• → Kannada: ಚಂದನ ‎(caṃdana)
• → Old Armenian: ճանդան ‎(čandan) (via an Iranian language)
• → Pashto: چندنړ ‎(čandaṛṇ)
• Punjabi: ਚੰਦਨ ‎(cãdan)
• → Sogdian: cntn ‎(čandan)
• → Tamil: சந்தன ‎(cantaṉa)
• → Telugu: చందనము ‎(caṃdanamu)
• → Thai: จันทน์ ‎(jan)
• → Tibetan: ཙན་དན ‎(tsan dan)

References

• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 373
• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “ճանդան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, published 1926–1935, page 183b
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2014), “Armenian čandari ‘plane tree’”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 18, issue 1, pages 51–63
• Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 1825, page 145a