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Definition 2024
refréner
refréner
French
Alternative forms
Verb
refréner
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written ‘é’) and /ɛ/ (written ‘è’), with the latter being used before mute ‘e’. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written refréner-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written refrèner-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
Conjugation of refréner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | refréner | avoir refréné | |||||
| gerund | en refrénant | en ayant refréné | |||||
| present participle | refrénant /ʁə.fʁe.nɑ̃/ |
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| past participle | refréné /ʁə.fʁe.ne/ |
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| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | refrène /ʁə.fʁɛn/ |
refrènes /ʁə.fʁɛn/ |
refrène /ʁə.fʁɛn/ |
refrénons /ʁə.fʁe.nɔ̃/ |
refrénez /ʁə.fʁe.ne/ |
refrènent /ʁə.fʁɛn/ |
| imperfect | refrénais /ʁə.fʁe.nɛ/ |
refrénais /ʁə.fʁe.nɛ/ |
refrénait /ʁə.fʁe.nɛ/ |
refrénions /ʁə.fʁe.njɔ̃/ |
refréniez /ʁə.fʁe.nje/ |
refrénaient /ʁə.fʁe.nɛ/ |
|
| past historic1 | refrénai /ʁə.fʁe.ne/ |
refrénas /ʁə.fʁe.na/ |
refréna /ʁə.fʁe.na/ |
refrénâmes /ʁə.fʁe.nam/ |
refrénâtes /ʁə.fʁe.nat/ |
refrénèrent /ʁə.fʁe.nɛʁ/ |
|
| future | refrènerai or refrénerai /ʁə.fʁɛn.ʁe/ |
refrèneras or refréneras /ʁə.fʁɛn.ʁa/ |
refrènera or refrénera /ʁə.fʁɛn.ʁa/ |
refrènerons or refrénerons /ʁə.fʁɛn.ʁɔ̃/ |
refrènerez or refrénerez /ʁə.fʁɛn.ʁe/ |
refrèneront or refréneront /ʁə.fʁɛn.ʁɔ̃/ |
|
| conditional | refrènerais or refrénerais /ʁə.fʁɛn.ʁɛ/ |
refrènerais or refrénerais /ʁə.fʁɛn.ʁɛ/ |
refrènerait or refrénerait /ʁə.fʁɛn.ʁɛ/ |
refrènerions or refrénerions /ʁə.fʁɛ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
refrèneriez or refréneriez /ʁə.fʁɛ.nə.ʁje/ |
refrèneraient or refréneraient /ʁə.fʁɛn.ʁɛ/ |
|
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | refrène /ʁə.fʁɛn/ |
refrènes /ʁə.fʁɛn/ |
refrène /ʁə.fʁɛn/ |
refrénions /ʁə.fʁe.njɔ̃/ |
refréniez /ʁə.fʁe.nje/ |
refrènent /ʁə.fʁɛn/ |
| imperfect1 |
refrénasse /ʁə.fʁe.nas/ |
refrénasses /ʁə.fʁe.nas/ |
refrénât /ʁə.fʁe.na/ |
refrénassions /ʁə.fʁe.na.sjɔ̃/ |
refrénassiez /ʁə.fʁe.na.sje/ |
refrénassent /ʁə.fʁe.nas/ |
|
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | refrène /ʁə.fʁɛn/ |
— | refrénons /ʁə.fʁe.nɔ̃/ |
refrénez /ʁə.fʁe.ne/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||