English

Alternative forms

• protoracism

Noun

proto-racism ‎(countable and uncountable, plural proto-racisms)

1. Attitudes and actions displaying prejudices and stereotypes analogous to those of racism which predate the modern biologically-based concept of race.
   • 2012, María Elena Martínez, ‎Max S. Hering Torres, & ‎David Nirenberg, Race and Blood in the Iberian World, ISBN 364390259X, page 151:

     While these mainly focused on the relationship with Jews and Jewish conversos, other historians envisioned Iberian contribution to racism as the elaboration and distillation of Muslim proto-racism that gradually distinguished Africans from >whites< and that, even before the beginning of the Atlantic slave-trade, attributed different characteristics to the members of each cluster.

   • 2013, James Elkins & ‎Harper Montgomery, Beyond the Aesthetic and the Anti-Aesthetic, ISBN 0271063181, page 48:

     Postmodernity, in Latin America in the I980s, had to do with modernity, from the sixteenth century onward: colonial domination, proto-racisms, the epistemic inferiorization of the non-Western world, the transatlantic capitalist/ mercantile order, and uneven development among other issues.

   • 2013, Ian Law, Racism and Ethnicity: Global Debates, Dilemmas, Directions, ISBN 1317864344:

     Proto-racism is also identified in Roman views of subject peoples, the idea of collective natural slavery was intertwined with patterns of conquest, subjugation and governance.

   • 2016, Kwesi Tsri, Africans Are Not Black: The case for conceptual liberation, ISBN 1317184084:

     According to this perspective, these ideas already existed in the form of proto-racism and Shakespeare employs the medium of theatre to reinforce and disseminate them.