English

Suffix

-st

1. (archaic) Verb suffix for the second-person singular
   • Macbeth

     Thou com'st to use thy tongue.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-st

1. Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is "first"

   the 21st century

Coordinate terms

• -nd
• -rd
• -th

Translations

Etymology 3

-s +‎ -t of excrescent suffixes, with -s sometimes genitive.

Suffix

-st

1. Excrescent suffix (adding sound but largely not changing the meaning).

Usage notes

When there is a shorter synonymous word (as in amongst/among), the form with -st is generally considered more formal, old-fashioned, affected, or British. However, against is distinct from again, and midst is used in some context distinctly from mid.

Derived terms

Dutch

Etymology 1

The suffix -st consists of two parts: a suffix -t (Proto-Indo-European *-ti) and an inserted -s-. The -s- is the result of a wrong segmentation of stem and suffix of a noun in cases where the stem of the noun ended with -s-. For example: a word like Dutch vorst ‎(“frost”) could be interpreted as vors+t or as vor+st. This suffix existed already in Gothic (𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃 ‎(ansts), from 𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 ‎(unnan)).^[1]

Suffix

-st f ‎(plural -sten)

1. appended to the stem of a verb, this suffix yields a verbal noun; it is similar in function to the Dutch suffix -ing

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

-st

1. appended to an adjective this suffix forms the superlative

   vreemd ‎(“strange”) → vreemdst ‎(“strangest”)

References

1. ↑ A. van Loey, "Schönfeld's Historische Grammatica van het Nederlands", Zutphen, 8. druk, 1970, ISBN 90-03-21170-1; § 167

German

Etymology 1

Suffix

-st

1. verb suffix for the second-person singular

   Du hast eine Katze. (You have a cat.)

Etymology 2

Suffix

-st

1. suffix for adverbs indicating a high degree, but not a literal superlative of the adverb

Derived terms

Icelandic

Suffix

-st

1. turns verbs into middle voice verbs

Derived terms

See also

• Appendix:Icelandic middle voice verbs
• Category:Icelandic middle voice verbs

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch -ist, -ost, from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, *-ōstaz.

Suffix

-st

1. -est. Forms the superlative of adjectives.

Derived terms

See Category:Middle Dutch adjective superlative forms.

Related terms

• -er

Descendants

• Dutch: -st