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Definition 2024

굳다

굳다

Korean

Adjective

굳다 • ‎(gutda) ‎(infinitive 굳어, sequential 굳으니)

(to be) hard, solid, adamant

Derived terms

굳세다 (gutseda, “to be strong, firm”)
굳은 뜻 (gudeun tteut, “firm will”)
굳은살 (gudeunsal, “hardened skin, callus”)

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 굳다 (gutda)

Stems
Stem 1	굳 (gut)
Stem 2	굳어 (gudeo)
Stem 3	굳으 (gudeu)
Conjugation type	Consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
	Formal non polite (해라체)	Informal non polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	굳다 gutda past: 굳었다 gudeotda	굳어 gudeo past: 굳었어 gudeosseo	굳어요 gudeoyo past: 굳었어요 gudeosseoyo	굳습니다 gutseumnida past: 굳었습니다 gudeotseumnida
Interrogative	굳으냐 gudeunya past: 굳었냐 gudeonnya	굳어 gudeo past: 굳었어 gudeosseo	굳어요 gudeoyo past: 굳었어요 gudeosseoyo	굳습니까 gutseumnikka past: 굳었습니까 gudeotseumnikka
Assertive	굳겠다 gutgetda	굳겠어 gutgesseo	굳겠어요 gutgesseoyo	굳겠습니다 gutgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason	굳어 gudeo	굳어서 gudeoseo	굳으니 gudeuni	굳으니까 gudeunikka
Contrast	굳지만 gutjiman	굳은데 gudeunde	굳더니 gutdeoni
Conjunction	굳고 gutgo
Condition	굳으면 gudeumyeon	굳어야 gudeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		굳음 gudeum	굳기 gutgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		굳었음 gudeosseum	굳었기 gudeotgi
Determiners	present		굳은 gudeun
Determiners	future		굳을 gudeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
	Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	굳으시다 gudeusida past: 굳으셨다 gudeusyeotda	굳으셔 gudeusyeo past: 굳으셨어 gudeusyeosseo	굳으세요, 굳으셔요 gudeuseyo, gudeusyeoyo past: 굳으셨어요 gudeusyeosseoyo	굳으십니다 gudeusimnida past: 굳으셨습니다 gudeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	굳으시냐 gudeusinya past: 굳으셨냐 gudeusyeonnya	굳으셔 gudeusyeo past: 굳으셨어 gudeusyeosseo	굳으세요, 굳으셔요 gudeuseyo, gudeusyeoyo past: 굳으셨어요 gudeusyeosseoyo	굳으십니까 gudeusimnikka past: 굳으셨습니까 gudeusyeotseumnikka
Assertive	굳으시겠다 gudeusigetda	굳으시겠어 gudeusigesseo	굳으시겠어요 gudeusigesseoyo	굳으시겠습니다 gudeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason	굳으셔 gudeusyeo	굳으셔서 gudeusyeoseo	굳으시니 gudeusini	굳으시니까 gudeusinikka
Contrast	굳으시지만 gudeusijiman	굳으신데 gudeusinde	굳으시더니 gudeusideoni
Conjunction	굳으시고 gudeusigo
Condition	굳으시면 gudeusimyeon	굳으셔야 gudeusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		굳으심 gudeusim	굳으시기 gudeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		굳으셨음 gudeusyeosseum	굳으셨기 gudeusyeotgi
Determiners	present		굳으신 gudeusin
Determiners	future		굳으실 gudeusil

Verb

굳다 • ‎(gutda) ‎(infinitive 굳어, sequential 굳으니)

to become hard, solidify, congeal

Derived terms

굳어지다 (gudeojida, “to become hard, solidify, congeal”)
굳히다 (guthida, “to harden, solidify, congeal”) (transitive)

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 굳다 (gutda)

Stems
Stem 1	굳 (gut)
Stem 2	굳어 (gudeo)
Stem 3	굳으 (gudeu)
Conjugation type	Consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
	Formal non polite (해라체)	Informal non polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	굳는다 gunneunda past: 굳었다 gudeotda	굳어 gudeo past: 굳었어 gudeosseo	굳어요 gudeoyo past: 굳었어요 gudeosseoyo	굳습니다 gutseumnida past: 굳었습니다 gudeotseumnida
Interrogative	굳느냐 gunneunya past: 굳었느냐 gudeonneunya	굳어 gudeo past: 굳었어 gudeosseo	굳어요 gudeoyo past: 굳었어요 gudeosseoyo	굳습니까 gutseumnikka past: 굳었습니까 gudeotseumnikka
hortative	굳자 gutja	굳어 gudeo	굳어요 gudeoyo	굳읍시다 gudeupsida
imperative	굳어라 gudeora	굳어 gudeo	굳어요 gudeoyo	굳읍시오 gudeupsio
Assertive	굳겠다 gutgetda	굳겠어 gutgesseo	굳겠어요 gutgesseoyo	굳겠습니다 gutgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason	굳어 gudeo	굳어서 gudeoseo	굳으니 gudeuni	굳으니까 gudeunikka
Contrast	굳지만 gutjiman	굳는데 gunneunde	굳더니 gutdeoni
Conjunction	굳고 gutgo
Condition	굳으면 gudeumyeon	굳어야 gudeoya
Motive	굳으려고 gudeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		굳음 gudeum	굳기 gutgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		굳었음 gudeosseum	굳었기 gudeotgi
Determiners	past	굳은 gudeun
	present	굳는 gunneun
	future	굳을 gudeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
	Formal non polite (해라체)	Informal non polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	굳으신다 gudeusinda past: 굳으셨다 gudeusyeotda	굳으셔 gudeusyeo past: 굳으셨어 gudeusyeosseo	굳으세요, 굳으셔요 gudeuseyo, gudeusyeoyo past: 굳으셨어요 gudeusyeosseoyo	굳으십니다 gudeusimnida past: 굳으셨습니다 gudeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	굳으시느냐 gudeusineunya past: 굳으셨느냐 gudeusyeonneunya	굳으셔 gudeusyeo past: 굳으셨어 gudeusyeosseo	굳으세요, 굳으셔요 gudeuseyo, gudeusyeoyo past: 굳으셨어요 gudeusyeosseoyo	굳으십니까 gudeusimnikka past: 굳으셨습니까 gudeusyeotseumnikka
imperative	굳으시라 gudeusira	굳으셔 gudeusyeo	굳으세요 gudeuseyo	굳으십시오 gudeusipsio
Assertive	굳으시겠다 gudeusigetda	굳으시겠어 gudeusigesseo	굳으시겠어요 gudeusigesseoyo	굳으시겠습니다 gudeusigetseumnida
Connective honforms with honorific
Cause/Reason	굳으셔 gudeusyeo	굳으셔서 gudeusyeoseo	굳으시니 gudeusini	굳으시니까 gudeusinikka
Contrast	굳으시지만 gudeusijiman	굳으시는데 gudeusineunde	굳으시더니 gudeusideoni
Conjunction	굳으시고 gudeusigo
Condition	굳으시면 gudeusimyeon	굳으셔야 gudeusyeoya
Motive	굳으시려고 gudeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner honforms with honorific
Verbal nouns		굳으심 gudeusim	굳으시기 gudeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		굳으셨음 gudeusyeosseum	굳으셨기 gudeusyeotgi
Determiners	past	굳으신 gudeusin
	present	굳으시는 gudeusineun
	future	굳으실 gudeusil