Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ὑπά ‎(hupá) Aeolic
• ὑπαί ‎(hupaí) Poetic
• ὑπ’ ‎(hup’) apocopic
• ὑφ’ ‎(huph’) apocopic, before a vowel with rough breathing

Preposition

ὑπό • ‎(hupó)

1. (with genitive)
   1. (of place) from underneath
      • Homer, Iliad 21.56
      • Hesiod, Theogony 669
      • Homer, Odyssey 9.141, (compare Plato, Phaedrus 230.B)
      • Homer, Iliad 19.17
      • Homer, Iliad 9.248
      • Homer, Iliad 13.198
      • Homer, Iliad 17.224
      • Homer, Iliad 23.86
      • Homer, Iliad 8.543
      • Homer, Odyssey 4.39
      • Homer, Odyssey 9.463
      • Pindar, Nemean Ode 1.55, (compare Olympian Ode 6.74)
      • Euripides, Andromache 441
      • Euripides, Hecuba 53
      1. under, beneath
         • Homer, Odyssey 9.375
         • Homer, Odyssey 9.375
         • Homer, Iliad 4.106
         • Hesiod, Theogony 717
         • Homer, Iliad 3.372
         • Homer, Iliad 8.14
         • Homer, Odyssey 11.52
         • Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 588
   2. (of cause or agency) by, through
      • Homer, Iliad 1.242
      • Herodotus, Histories 1.137
      • Herodotus, Histories 3.436
      • Herodotus, Histories 3.61
      • Herodotus, Histories 16.303
      • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.77
      • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.66
      • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.6
      • Thucydides, 4 64
      • Sophocles, Ajax 1321
      • Herodotus, Histories 9.98
      • Euripides, Alcestis 737, (compare Thucydides, 6 32)
      • Sophocles, Women of Trachis 391, (compare Plato, Philebus 66.A)
      • Plato, The Republic 359.A
      • Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 1024
      • Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.1.34
      • Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 532
      • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.66
      1. (in pregnant phrases) of immediate acts of an agent, as well as further results
         • Homer, Iliad 13.334
         • Homer, Iliad 18.149
         • Homer, Iliad 13.153
         • Homer, Odyssey 5.320
         • Xenophon, Hellenica 5.1.5
         • Herodotus, Histories 9.78
         • Aeschylus, The Eumenides 99
         • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.78
      2. (in Herodotus and Attic, of things as well as persons)
         • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.77
         • Plato, Theaetetus 142.B
         • Homeric Hymn to Demeter 372
         • Aeschylus, Agamemnon 541
         • Sophocles, Electra 1153
         • Herodotus, Histories 1.85, (compare Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.33)
         • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.129
         • Herodotus, Histories 8.1
         • Herodotus, Histories 7.21
      3. denoting the attendant or accompanying circumstances
         • Homer, Iliad 2.334
         • Homer, Iliad 16.277
         • Homer, Iliad 18.220
         • Homer, Iliad 4.276
      4. (of accompanying music) to give the time
         • Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 278
         • Archilochus, Collected Works 110
         • Aristophanes, The Acharnians 1001
         • Homer, Iliad 18.492, (compare Euripides, Helen 639)
         • Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1553
         • Euripides, Hippolytus 1299
         • Aristophanes, The Acharnians 970
         • Sophocles, Electra 630
         • Xenophon, Constitution of Sparta 5.7
         • Herodotus, Histories 2.45
2. (with dative)
   1. (of place or position) under, near
      • Homer, Iliad 2.784
      • Homer, Iliad 2.307
      • Homer, Iliad 2.866, (compare Odyssey 1.186)
      • Herodotus, Histories 6.105
      • Euripides, Hecuba 764, (compare Aeschylus, Agamemnon 860)
      • Homer, Odyssey 14.533
      • Plato, Symposium 222.E
      • Homer, Iliad 8.402
      • Homer, Odyssey 7.478
      • Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1164
      • Homer, Iliad 6.453
   2. (of agency) under, through, by
      • Homer, Iliad 11.121
      • Homer, Iliad 15.637
      • Homer, Odyssey 13.82
      1. expressing subjection or dependence
         • Homer, Odyssey 3.304, (compare Iliad 9.156)
         • Homer, Odyssey 7.68
         • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.32
         • Herodotus, Histories 7.11
         • Plato, The Republic 391.C
         • Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.1.26
         • Plato, The Republic 563.C
         • Plutarch, Cicero 44
         • Herodotus, Histories 7.11, (compare Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.64)
         • Herodotus, Histories 7.157
      2. of logical subordination
         • Plato, Symposium 205.B
         • Plato, The Republic 511.B
         • Plato, Hippias Major 295.D
      3. of attendant circumstances
         • Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 283
         • Plutarch, Moralia 2.470.E
         • Homer, Odyssey 4.402
         • Plutarch, Publicola 10
         • Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1030
         • Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.1022
         • Plutarch, Galba 14
3. (with accusative)
   1. (of place) to express motion towards and under
      • Homer, Iliad 4.279
      • Homer, Odyssey 3.383
      • Homer, Iliad 18.333
      • Homer, Odyssey 3.335
      • Herodotus, Histories 1.12
      • Homer, Iliad 8.271
      • Herodotus, Histories 9.96
      • Homer, Odyssey 4.146
      • Homer, Iliad 11.181
      • Herodotus, Histories 6.72
      1. of position or extension
         • Homer, Iliad 2.603
         • Herodotus, 5 10
         • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.17
         • Herodotus, Histories 7.114
         • Homer, Iliad 3.371
         • Homer, Iliad 21.26
         • Homer, Odyssey 20.278
         • Euripides, Hecuba 1154
      2. of logical subordination
         • Aristotle, Categories 3.3
   2. of subjection, control
      • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.60
   3. (of time) just after
      • Homer, Iliad 22.102
      • Herodotus, Histories 6.2
      • Herodotus, Histories 2.142
      • Aristophanes, The Acharnians 139
      • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.27
      • Plutarch, Alexander the Great 14
      • Homer, Iliad 16.202
      • Herodotus, Histories 1.51
      • Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.8.1
   4. of accompaniment
      • Plato, Laws 670.A
      • Xenophon, Symposium 6.3
   5. to a certain degree
      • Plato, Gorgias 493.C
      • Aristophanes, The Wasps 1290

Antonyms

• ὑπέρ ‎(hupér)

Derived terms

• ὕπᾰτος ‎(húpatos)
• ὕπτιος ‎(húptios)

Descendants

• English: hypo-
• Spanish: hipo-

References

• ὑπό in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ὑπό in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ὑπό in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• «ὑπό» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• «ὑπό» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ὑπό in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• “G5259”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • accompaniment idem, page 6.
  • after idem, page 17.
  • below idem, page 73.
  • beneath idem, page 73.
  • by idem, page 107.
  • deep idem, page 203.
  • foot idem, page 333.
  • from idem, page 346.
  • owing to idem, page 587.
  • pressure idem, page 637.
  • sound idem, page 796.
  • subjection idem, page 830.
  • through idem, page 871.
  • thumb idem, page 872.
  • to idem, page 878.
  • tune idem, page 900.
  • under idem, page 912.
  • underneath idem, page 912.
• Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell