Judeo-Arabic

Particle

קד ‎(qad)

1. just, already
   • Exodus 10:1 in Saadia Gaon's Tafsir (circa 10th century)

     תׄם קאל אללה למוסי אדכׄל אלי פרעון פאני קד קוית קלבה וקלב קואדה לכי אחל אפאתי הדׄה בהם׃‎

     ṯumma qāla llāhu limūsā dḵul ʾilā firʿawna faʾinnī qad qawwaytu qalbahu waqalba quwwādihi likay ʾuḥilla ʾāfātī hāḏihi bahum.

     Then God said to Moses: Come to Pharaoh for I have just strengthened his heart and the the heart of his commanders so that I might set upon them these my plagues.